Treatment of industrial high-salinity wastewater (1%~3.5% NaCl) typically involves integrated physicochemical and biological technologies, necessitating real-time monitoring of biochemical oxygen ...

A primary clarifier is an upstream process for reducing the concentrations of the total suspended solids (TSS) and biological ...

These pollutants come from various sources, including industrial processes such as petrochemical production, pharmaceuticals, and metal manufacturing, as well as domestic sewage, agricultural runoff, ...