Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor central to innate immunity. It recognises lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, via a ...

Innate immune sensors—known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—detect specific molecular components of bacterial or viral intruders. The PRRs forward the signals which results in the production ...

Plants defend themselves through a multilayered immune system that begins with the recognition of conserved microbial features by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the cell surface. These ...

Neuroinflammation is now recognized as a central driver instead of being merely a consequence of many neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative ...

To date, several studies have established a connection between the brain and the gut microbiota. Now, research in mice from scientists at Duke University School of Medicine and their collaborators ...