Blood typing is the process of determining an individual’s blood group based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Blood typing is crucial for safe blood transfusions, organ transplants, and pregnancy management. Blood Group Systems The two most commonly used systems for blood typing are the ABO system and the Rh system: 1. ABO Blood Group System: • Type A: Has A antigens on RBCs and anti-B antibodies in plasma. • Type B: Has B antigens on RBCs